tl;dr (<5 minutes) Quantitative end tidal: Partial pressure of CO2 in the gas sample at the end of expiration. You get a numeric value and a wave-form. EtCO2 is typically lower than PaCO2 due to anatomical and pathological dead space. Normal EtCO2 range is about 35-40 mmHg.  Role in Intubation: End tidal is used as […]

Intro: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and number one cause of disability in the United States.  Classically, strokes present with sudden onset focal neurological deficits in a vascular distribution and need prompt assessment and management to re-establish blood flow and avoid brain damage.  However, the diagnosis of stroke is not always straightforward.  […]

Intro You are working a BNT shift at Elmhurst and you pick up a patient who is complaining of neck pain after a fall. Do they need to be in a c-collar? Should you order a CT c-spine? What are the unstable c-spine injuries you are looking for?  Shout out to Rozy for trying to […]

Is this monkeypox? But…what is monkeypox and what does it look like? What else should I consider on my differential? Is there a treatment? What do I do to treat it?

CSF shunts – these are the most common pediatric neurosurgery procedure done in the United States. While very common, these also have the highest rate of neurosurgical complications. About 50% fail within the first year, and the median survival of a shunt is usually 8-10 years, so a patient can expect 2-3 shunt revisions over the course of 20 years.